Monday, September 30, 2019
Lung Cancer Essay Essay
Lung Cancer Institution Background            Lung cancer was acknowledged as a distinct disease in 1761. Lung cancer, also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma, is the uncontrolled growth of unusual cells that starts in one or both lungs, typically in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells divide fast and form tumors. These tumors become larger and more frequent, therefore weakening the lung’s ability to provide the bloodstream with oxygen. There are two forms of tumors: benign and malignant tumors. Benign tumors are those that remain in one place and do not seem to spread. Malignant tumors are more dangerous. They spread to other areas of the body, through the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. This process of spreading is referred to as metastasis.            There are two main types of lung cancer: primary lung cancer and secondary lung cancer.(Johns, 1998). Primary lung cancer starts in the lungs while secondary lung cancer starts somewhere else in the body and metastasizes, and reaches the lungs. The two most renowned types of primary lung cancer are small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Non-small cell lung carcinomas include squamous cell cancers (which are the most common type), adenocarcinoma and large-cell carcinoma. A squamous cell carcinoma grows gradually and might not spread to other parts of the body for some time. SCLC grows and spread gradually and by the time it is diagnosed, it may have spread to other parts of the body. About one in five cases of lung cancer are SCLC.            Secondary lung cancer (metastatic lung cancer), is not as common as primary lung cancer. Secondary lung cancer is normally a cancer that has metastasized from a primary cancer, more likely from the large bowel, bladder, breast, testicle, stomach, gullet, kidney, and a skin cancer called malignant melanoma. A secondary lung cancer may be assumed to be from a diagnosed primary cancer. Occasionally, it may be found before a primary cancer referred to as â€Å"unknownprimary†that may not be possible to find. Secondary lung cancer may cause fluid to collect in the area between the two membranes (the pleural) that surrounds the lungs. This is known as pleural effusion. It is possible to extract the fluid and scrutinise it for cancer. You can tell that a cancer is secondary if the cells look like the cells from the primary cancer. For instance, if the primary cancer is kidney cancer, the cells will look like kidney cancer cells instead of lung cancer cells, (Bartlett,2001).            There is an uncommon type of lung cancer known as the pleural mesothelioma. It occurs when mesothelioma develops in the pleural. Caused by constant exposure to asbestos, pleura are cells that are often referred to as lubricating cells which make a thin membrane in the host’s chest walls. They are malignant since they take long periods of time before they are discovered or the symptoms start to manifests itself. Pleuralmesothelioma can sometimes spread to the lymph nodes in the chest, above the collarboneor any other part of the body. However it has not been considered to be lethal or serious although in some cases it results to reduced effectiveness or functioning of the lungs. Tests            There are voluminous tests that are carried out to diagnose any symptoms or characteristic of lung cancer. These tests include molecular testing of the tumour and biopsy which involves direct removal of tissues or cells from a patient and examining it to determine the extent of infection. Other tests are; sputum cytology, focussing on the mucus of the lungs, thoracentesis, bronchospy, bone marrow aspiration, testing of the tumour, mediastinoscopy, imaging tests, thoracotomy, thoracoscopy, computerised tomography scan (CT), which scans using radiographic beams to create detailed computerised pictures, magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI), position emission tomography scan (PET) and a bone scan. Endoscopy is the process where a flexible plastic tube is inserted into the body cavities and organs so that one can view the area of concerned well.(Barbara,2009). Causes            Medical analysts and researchers have discovered many factors that they believe are the main causes of cancer according to their research. The most common and well known cause is smoking. Many cases involving lung cancer have been accompanied by symptoms like high levels of carcinogens in the lungs, which is one of the substance contained in cigarettes. It accounts for eighty to ninety percent of the cases. Passive smokers have a greater chance or risk of up to twenty to thirty percent in getting lung cancer. Marijuana also contains the deadly substance, carcinogens that are in tobacco. Smoking that substance contributes greatly in deteriorating functioning of the lungs.            Another cause of lung cancer as far as smoke is concerned, is inhalation of the radon gas. It is a gas generated when radioactive materials are broken down by radium. The gas is a very fatal and very serious since it can be detected easily and it is odourless. An accumulated levels of the gas can actually cause lung cancer. Asbestos is another rare kind of cause of cancer. Long exposition to the rocks that release the asbestos, can cause inflammation and later trigger the enlargement of lung cancer. This was according to the medical researchers who reported that growth of lung cancer can be contributed by long duration to the exposure of these substances in the air.            Families who have a history of lung cancer, that is, most of the members have been diagnosed with cancer, it is more likely that the next generation in the same family some of the members will have the same disease. This is known as genetic predisposition. It is inherited from family members hence it increases the chances of an individual to develop lung cancer when he or she is exposed to the same environmental factors or cultural experiences as other members of the family. Medical researchers have sorted to investigate the arrangement of inheritance of genetic defencelessness by ascertaining the familial combination. They evaluated them by analysing in order to determine if there is a statistical confirmation of the inheritance of the gene causing cancer. Once the gene has been located they pursue it to try and change it.            It has been ascertained that different people experience different symptoms of lung cancer depending on the cause of it and the duration that the diseases is in the body.(Karen,2010).In the initial stages of the diseases, the symptoms are not noticeable or probably not alarming. It has been surveyed that about forty percent of the people who are diagnosed with cancer, most of them was realised at an advanced stage.            The most common type symptom experienced by the many diagnosed in the early stages of the disease is persistent coughing.(Barbara,2009). The coughing may persistent to an extent of producing blood. The patient begins to have changes in breathing especially when doing a task that involves use of strength and straining coupled with constant pain in the chest or back. All these pain is caused by the enlargement of the lymph nodes and the lining of lubricating cells along the walls of the lungs.            The patient will start breathing with a whistling sound being produced, a condition known as wheezing. The condition is as a result of the constricting airways in the lungs. It can be accompanied with hoarse voice, losing weight considerably, bronchitis or pneumonia in some cases. The patient will begin to have swellings on the face, fingers and also fatigue. Treatment            According to medical researchers and practitioners, treatment of lung cancer highly depends on the extent of the damage of the lungs by the cancer cells, the site of the primary tumour, the stage and the person’s general health.(Mazzini,2010). Before treatment is done to a lung cancer patient, he or she is provided with options on the side effects or discomfort that they are likely to experience in any method of treatment offered. The different types of treatment offered or administered to patients include surgery by removing the tumour and the affected part of the lung. The other type of treatment is radiation therapy where the cancer cells are killed using x-rays with high energy. It can also prevent further growth of the cancer cells. Chemotherapy is the next treatment type, where the patient is given drugs which destroy the cancer cells in every part of the body. References Johns H.P. Williams T.T (1998). Lung Cancer And Its Treatment. Th Gerber publishers Ettinger Y.G. Bartlett (2001). Guide to Cancer Treatment.. Oxford University Publishers Mazzini J.Y and Walter Blue (2010). The Chicago Guide To Lung Cancer. Kaplan Publishers (1999) Karen P.M and Jones Schoiller (2010). Questions And Answers About Cancer. Parles publishers. Barbara M.D Daniel Otiz J.K. (2009) . Lung Cancer. American Cancer Sociation Publishers Source document
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Part Three Chapter III
III Gavin could have invited Mary into his office to discuss the most recent exchange of letters with the insurance company, but decided to visit her at home instead. He had kept the late afternoon free of appointments, on the off-chance that she might ask him to stay for something to eat; she was a fantastic cook. His instinctive shying away from her naked grief had been dissipated by regular contact. He had always liked Mary, but Barry had eclipsed her in company. Not that she ever appeared to dislike her supporting role; on the contrary, she had seemed delighted to beautify the background, happy laughing at Barry's jokes, happy simply to be with him. Gavin doubted that Kay had ever been happy to play second fiddle in her life. Crashing the gears as he drove up Church Row, he thought that Kay would have been outraged by any suggestion that she modify her behaviour or suppress her opinions for the sake of her partner's enjoyment, his happiness or his self-esteem. He did not think that he had ever been unhappier in a relationship than he was now. Even in the death throes of the affair with Lisa, there had been temporary truces, laughs, sudden poignant reminders of better times. The situation with Kay was like war. Sometimes he forgot that there was supposed to be any affection between them; did she even like him? They had had their worst ever argument by telephone on the morning after Miles and Samantha's dinner party. Eventually, Kay had slammed down the receiver, cutting Gavin off. For a full twenty-four hours he had believed that their relationship was at an end, and although this was what he wanted he had experienced more fear than relief. In his fantasies, Kay simply disappeared back to London, but the reality was that she had tethered herself to Pagford with a job and a daughter at Winterdown. He faced the prospect of bumping into her wherever he went in the tiny town. Perhaps she was already poisoning the well of gossip against him; he imagined her repeating some of the things she had said to him on the telephone to Samantha, or to that nosy old woman in the delicatessen who gave him goose-flesh. I uprooted my daughter and left my job and moved house for you, and you treat me like a hooker you don't have to pay. People would say that he had behaved badly. Perhaps he had behaved badly. There must have been a crucial point when he ought to have pulled back, but he had not seen it. Gavin spent the whole weekend brooding on how it would feel to be seen as the bad guy. He had never been in that position before. After Lisa had left him, everybody had been kind and sympathetic, especially the Fairbrothers. Guilt and dread dogged him until, on Sunday evening, he cracked and called Kay to apologize. Now he was back where he did not want to be, and he hated Kay for it. Parking his car in the Fairbrothers' drive, as he had done so often when Barry was alive, he headed for the front door, noticing that somebody had mowed the lawn since he had last called. Mary answered his ring on the doorbell almost instantaneously. ‘Hi, how – Mary, what's wrong?' Her whole face was wet, her eyes brimming with diamond-bright tears. She gulped once or twice, shook her head, and then, without quite knowing how it had happened, Gavin found himself holding her in his arms on the doorstep. ‘Mary? Has something happened?' He felt her nod. Acutely aware of their exposed position, of the open road behind him, Gavin manoeuvred her inside. She was small and fragile in his arms; her fingers clutched at him, her face pressed into his coat. He relinquished his briefcase as gently as he could, but the sound of it hitting the floor made her withdraw from him, her breath short as she covered her mouth with her hands. ‘I'm sorry †¦ I'm sorry †¦ oh God, Gav †¦' ‘What's happened?' His voice sounded different from usual: forceful, take command, more like the way Miles sometimes talked in a crisis at work. ‘Someone's put †¦ I don't †¦ someone's put Barry's †¦' She beckoned him into the home office, cluttered, shabby and cosy, with Barry's old rowing trophies on the shelves, and a big framed photograph on the wall of eight teenage girls punching the air, with medals around their necks. Mary pointed a trembling finger at the computer screen. Still in his coat, Gavin dropped into the chair and stared at the message board of Pagford Parish Council's website. ‘I w-was in the delicatessen this morning, and Maureen Lowe told me that lots of people had put messages of condolence on the site †¦ so I was going to p-post a message to s-say thank you. And – look †¦' He spotted it as she spoke. Simon Price Unfit to Stand for Council, posted by The Ghost of Barry Fairbrother. ‘Jesus Christ,' said Gavin in disgust. Mary dissolved into tears again. Gavin wanted to put his arms back around her, but was afraid to, especially here, in this snug little room so full of Barry. He compromised by taking hold of her thin wrist and leading her through the hall into the kitchen. ‘You need a drink,' he told her, in that unfamiliarly strong and commanding voice. ‘Sod coffee. Where's the proper stuff?' But he remembered before she answered; he had seen Barry take the bottles out of the cupboard often enough, so he mixed her a small gin and tonic, which was the only thing he had ever known her drink before dinner. ‘Gav, it's four in the afternoon.' ‘Who gives a damn?' said Gavin, in his new voice. ‘Get that down you.' An unbalanced laugh broke her sobs; she accepted the glass and sipped. He fetched her kitchen roll to mop her face and eyes. ‘You're so kind, Gav. Don't you want anything? Coffee or †¦ or beer?' she asked, on another weak laugh. He fetched himself a bottle from the fridge, took off his coat and sat down opposite her at the island in the middle of the room. After a while, when she had drunk most of her gin, she became calm and quiet again, the way he always thought of her. ‘Who d'you think did it?' she asked him. ‘Some total bastard,' said Gavin. ‘They're all fighting over his council seat, now. Squabbling away over the Fields as usual. And he's still in there, putting his two cents in. The Ghost of Barry Fairbrother. Maybe it really is him, posting on the message board?' Gavin did not know whether this was meant as a joke, and settled for a slight smile that might be quickly removed. ‘You know, I'd love to think that he's worrying about us, wherever he is; about me and the kids. But I doubt it. I'll bet he's still most worried about Krystal Weedon. Do you know what he'd probably say to me if he was here?' She drained her glass. Gavin had not thought that he had mixed the gin very strong, but there were patches of high colour on her cheeks. ‘No,' he said cautiously. ‘He'd tell me that I've got support,' said Mary, and to Gavin's astonishment, he heard anger in the voice he always thought of as gentle. ‘Yeah, he'd probably say, â€Å"You've got all the family and our friends and the kids to comfort you, but Krystal,†‘ Mary's voice was becoming louder, ‘†Krystal's got nobody to look out for her.†D'you know what he spent our wedding anniversary doing?' ‘No,' said Gavin again. ‘Writing an article for the local paper about Krystal. Krystal and the Fields. The bloody Fields. If I never hear them mentioned again, it'll be too soon. I want another gin. I don't drink enough.' Gavin picked up her glass automatically and returned to the drinks cupboard, stunned. He had always regarded her and Barry's marriage as literally perfect. Never had it occurred to him that Mary might be other than one hundred per cent approving of every venture and crusade with which the ever-busy Barry concerned himself. ‘Rowing practice in the evenings, driving them to races at the weekends,' she said, over the tinkling of ice he was adding to her glass, ‘and most nights he was on the computer, trying to get people to support him about the Fields, and getting stuff on the agenda for council meetings. And everyone always said, â€Å"Isn't Barry marvellous, the way he does it all, the way he volunteers, he's so involved with the community.†‘ She took a big gulp of her fresh gin and tonic. ‘Yes, marvellous. Absolutely marvellous. Until it killed him. All day long, on our wedding anniversary, struggling to meet that stupid deadline. They haven't even printed it yet.' Gavin could not take his eyes off her. Anger and alcohol had restored colour to her face. She was sitting upright, instead of cowed and hunched over, as she had been recently. ‘That's what killed him,' she said clearly, and her voice echoed a little in the kitchen. ‘He gave everything to everybody. Except to me.' Ever since Barry's funeral, Gavin had dwelled, with a sense of deep inadequacy, on the comparatively small gap that he was sure he would leave behind in his community, should he die. Looking at Mary, he wondered whether it would not be better to leave a huge hole in one person's heart. Had Barry not realized how Mary felt? Had he not realized how lucky he was? The front door opened with a loud clatter, and he heard the sound of the four children coming in; voices and footsteps and the thumping of shoes and bags. ‘Hi, Gav,' said eighteen-year-old Fergus, kissing his mother on top of her head. ‘Are you drinking, Mum?' ‘It's my fault,' said Gavin. ‘Blame me.' They were such nice kids, the Fairbrother kids. Gavin liked the way they talked to their mother, hugged her, chatted to each other and to him. They were open, polite and funny. He thought of Gaia, her vicious asides, silences like jagged glass, the snarling way she addressed him. ‘Gav, we haven't even talked about the insurance,' said Mary, as the children surged around the kitchen, finding themselves drinks and snacks. ‘It doesn't matter,' said Gavin, without thinking, before correcting himself hastily; ‘shall we go through to the sitting room or †¦?' ‘Yes, let's.' She wobbled a little getting down from the high kitchen stool, and he caught her arm again. ‘Are you staying for dinner, Gav?' called Fergus. ‘Do, if you want to,' said Mary. A surge of warmth flooded him. ‘I'd love to,' he said. ‘Thanks.'
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Chapter 8 : A Single Man With A Dog Essay -- Dog, Pet, A Great Way to Ca
THESE MOMENTS WHERE HE ACTUALLY LOOKS RELAXED People wear masks most of the time, meaning that they would rather play pretend or have a straight face in front of the world, instead of being themselves. So, you can agree with us, that it is most of the time difficult to give an honest judgment about these people. On the other hand, for dog owners (again), their dogs make them look like the â€Å"Kings of cool†, because, well, a dog doesn’t need to impress anyone, and by being his loyal companion, this kind of attitude will contaminate his owner. So, dog owners are more relaxed. And why shouldn’t they be? When you walk a dog, you are going to end up running, petting him, talking to him etc. Now, who has a straight face while doing all that? Nobody. And as said, most of the time, pet owners look so relaxed that it’s easy to approach them and talk to them. Another thing that you should remember is that a dog is his owner’s pride (just like a son or a daughter can be), so for the sake of this special bonding this owner has no choices but to look relaxed. We’ve explained why dog owners are so relaxed, contrary to others, we will now focus on what we see when they are around their dogs. So, how are these single guys behaving, when they are around their pets in public, or around the house. The first words that come to mind are â€Å"silly†and â€Å"happy†. Pet lovers play, cheer, burst into laughter when they are around their dogs. It’s almost like seeing a little boy playing with his best friend. And it’s not surprising, dogs are amazing and they do amazing things. They can wake you up in the morning when you are late (considering that they know your routine), they can pick up your mail at the door or the nes on his head and of course a big smile. Most people who have been dog owners for a long time would tell you that expressions are important in your day to day life for dogs. They feel your pain, joys, moodiness, but still, they remain loyal. So, not only does the dog’s attitude puts them in a good mood instantly (so they smile more often). Dogs are almost like mood meters, one look at them and they remind you that life is more than these silly arguments with your peers. Don’t they say that smiling is a great way to fight depression, and in turn, live a happier life? Knowing that you have a better attitude outside of your home thanks to your dog, you will attract more people, like friends and of course people who would love to go on a date with you. And like most people say, smiles and great moods are contagious, so single men along with their dogs, win it again.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Ethics Awareness Inventory Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Ethics Awareness Inventory Discussion - Essay Example For example as the result implies that I look into a person's actions beyond its direction hence this can help me in judging actions in a much broader and appropriate way reaching into the deeper meaning of someone's action and then judging them right or wrong. This gives me an edge in my professional life as my thinking abilities and decision making skills go one step ahead of simply making decisions that are based on facts and proofs. This kind of thinking can trigger personal and professional morals. Education helps in developing this kind of thinking. I have experienced greater comprehending ability on complex situation and view them from different prospective to solve ethical ambiguities. The type of strong ethical character I posses will be my weapon in solving complex conflict situations involving people with different ethical norms and beliefs. My decision-making skills in regard to my strongest ethical characteristic would make me spend a little more time in analyzing situations and making decisions and they might seem wrong to people who believe in right or wrong according to the actions but in reality the decisions that I would make will be yielding right results.
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Apple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1
Apple - Case Study Example This pricing strategy will increase the net income since customers purchase will purchase more devices from Apple Inc. #2 Apple should not change its promotional strategy of television advertisement since currently use of advertisement has proven to increase the popularity of a company to the customers and maintenance of sales. The television advertising adopted by Apple has increased the customers awareness about products sold by Apple and so far sales made has increased with high margins increasing the net income of the entire company. Apple has a strength over its competitors since it sells both hardware and software products. Customers buying devices like iPads are compelled to get services from Apple such as the iTunes (Mittan 12). Apple focuses in manufacturing devices for entertainment, media and music production. It somehow do not take part in the growth of information technology especially in school where other companies like Microsoft has dominated such markets (Mittan
Service Quality in Marriott Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Service Quality in Marriott Corporation - Essay Example the tangible and intangible aspects of the service quality) observed during interactions with the service firm (Wakefield, 2001). Tangible aspects of service quality include all that the client can see, touch, hear, and smell upon the delivery of the services, thus, it basically involves physical facilities, equipment, and appearance of employees (Wakefield, 2001; Duffy & Kenchand, 1998). Meanwhile, the intangible aspects of service quality comprise the manner by which services are delivered (Wakefield, 2001). An example of an intangible aspect of service quality is the service performance, which describes all aspects of the delivery of services that include: reliability (i.e. the ability to perform the required service dependably, accurately, and consistently, e.g. solving customer's problems, accurate billing and record keeping); responsiveness (i.e. the willingness of staff to provide prompt and attentive service; accordingly, it is important to make customers feel the immediacy of the management or the service employee in responding to what the customers need to know); assurance (i.e. ensuring that clients feel secure and safe when they provide confidential and/or personal information and winning their trust); and, empathy (i.e., the management or the service employee must see things from the vantage point of the client, e.g. being available to the client when ne eded, providing convenient hours, understanding specific client needs, giving personal attention, and keeping the client's best interests at heart) (Wakefield, 2001). According to Kotler and Armstrong (1998) service intangibility means that services cannot be seen, tasted, felt, heard, or smelled before they are bought. Meanwhile, service variability is the quality of services depends on whom provides them as well as when, where, and how they are provided. Lastly, service perishability constitutes the services that cannot be stored for later sale or use. The perishability of services is not a problem when the demand is steady. However, when demand fluctuates, service firms often have difficult problems (Kotler & Armstrong, 1998). Service quality tends to focus more on the intangible aspects, and because intangible aspects don't involve any product, the quality of services is measured through the way it is being delivered by the service employee, which may either create satisfaction or disappointment on the part of the customer. Total Guest Satisfaction In high-contact systems customers can influence the time of demand, the exact nature of the service, and the quality of service (Lovelock & Young, 1979). If consumers somehow become better customers -- that is, more knowledgeable, participative, or productive -- the quality of the service experience will likely be enhanced for the customer and the organization (Bowers, Martin & Luker, 1990). Organizations that capitalize on customers' active participation in organizational activities can gain competitive advantage through greater sales volume, enhanced operating efficiencies, positive word-of-mouth publicity, reduced marketing expenses, and enhanced customer loyalty (Lovelock & Young, 1979; Reichheld & Sasser, 1990). Customers who actively participate in organizational activities can directly increase their personal satisfaction and perceptions of service quality (Bowers,
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Marketing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words
Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example The paper also have a critical evaluation of the Apple’s competitive edge and demonstrate how effectiveness using its competitive performance evaluation. Lastly, the paper set a marketing objective for the organization to maximize the brand awareness, growth in sales profitability/volume and increase market share. Apple Inc is a global company that gets based in America and its headquarters, Apple California, gets located in California, United States. Apple got established in 1976 by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs and got incorporated in January 1977. Apple designs and sells customers electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The Macintosh personal computer range, iPhone, iPod, and the iPad are some of the best-known products of Apple (Steven, 2002). Some of the software products that get sold by Apple comprise Final Cut Studio that is a video and music production suite, Aperture that is Professional photography software. In addition, Mac Os X operating system, iTunes media browser and Logic Studio that is a music production suite. By May 2012, the company indicated that it has over 300 stores that are located in over ten countries adding the online store. Banton (2011) describes the company as been one of the largest technological firms globally as far as world/s traded companies by market capitalization gets concerned. According to Banton (2011) some of the analysts have even proposed that the Apple Inc. Company has more cash compared to the United States government. Apple (2012) stated that it had over 60, 000 employees that get employed on a permanent basis along with 2800 temporally employees in the world. Regardless of the company success, it has received great critics in the way it treats its contractors and the impacts of the operations of the company in the environment. Among the heavy critics that Apple has received recently is that of Apple supplying workers in China leaving in unhealthy
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Statistics project what factors affects the happiness of a country - 1
What factors affects the happiness of a country - Statistics Project Example influenced by the economic, social, political, psychological and geographical factors such as Life Expectancy, Well-being, Happy Life Years, Footprint, Happy Planet Index, Population, GDP and governance ranking (Michael 21) and (Neil 32). The aim and objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the factors listed and the level of happiness of a country (Helliwell et al, 54). It therefore applies the quantitative analysis methods to show how the different factors are related to the level of happiness of the counties (Joop & Hessel 28). This study applies three statistical methods in the analysis of the relationship between countries’ happiness and the factors that cause happiness. The two methods are linear correlation analysis, statistical descriptive summary and graphical comparison (James 43). The data used for this study was collected as secondary data from www.happyplanetindex.org/data/). The dataset already has data in quantifiable metrics such that they can be used for quantitative data analysis. The data analysis methods applied in this study will be quantitative and descriptive. All the independent variables are in numerical forms except the country and the regions (McMahon 54). The relationship between each country’s happiness and the rest of the variables is tested through the correlation analysis (Gregg 32). The correlation coefficients demonstrate the link between happiness ranking for all the countries and each of the individual independent variables. The result for the linear correlation analysis is shown in table 1 below The third measurement taken in the analysis is the weight of influence of each of the variables on the level of happiness foe all the countries. The countries were divided into two categories, high happiness and low happiness countries. The ratios are taken as the average values of each dependent variable for the high happiness countries divided by the average equivalent for the low happiness countries
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Emergency Response Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Emergency Response Plan - Assignment Example The purpose of this program is to ensure that the emergency response is always efficient so as to manage the disasters. Conversely, the program aims at minimizing potential risks or danger to the individuals, staff, residents, visitors, and volunteers. Nonetheless, the purpose of this program is to ensure that all operations are in a state of continuity so as to effectively mitigate the risks. Moreover, an emergency response plan is never complete without clear objectives (Gandy et al., 2014). In this case, the response plan primarily aims at providing directions and outlining processes that are necessary for managing personnel, facilities, equipment and all resources during the emergency. Besides, the plan aims at minimizing the potential impacts of the disaster through maintenance of operational standards in readiness, preparedness, and awareness of the emergency situation. Though least important, the plan aims at laying the foundation for developing training programs relating to e mergency response management. The report in particular strives to develop an emergency response plan for severe storms or thunderstorms as one of the frequent disaster situations. Damages that tropical storms and tornadoes leave on the facilities they strike are enough to call for a detailed emergency response plan that can help in mitigating immediate and residual effects of such natural disasters.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
India vs Bharat Essay Example for Free
India vs Bharat Essay Ancient Indians were not known to have a great sense of history. Historians have had to rely a lot on accounts by foreign travellers and foreign sources to reconstruct our history. And all such sources, including Megasethenes, Fa-hsien and many medieval Arab travellers, have uniformly found that Indians were remarkably law abiding and that crime was very rare. Most historians including A.L. Basham and recent writers like Abraham Eraly have treated such rosy accounts with suspicion merely because prescriptions in legal literature, largely comprising of the Smritis, reflected a more insecure and harsher society. This could either show that these foreign travellers were all fanciful in their writings on ancient India or that these ‘sacred’ texts played a very minimal role in governing the Hindu way of life. Apart from the absurdity of the suggestion that a traveller would lie in praise of a foreign land, the later scenario appears more probable because of another very interesting facet of ancient Hindu society- minimal State interference in the daily life of a citizen. Therefore there was no overarching government administering a code of laws or enforcing punishments to maintain law and order and prevent crimes. The codes of Manu, Katyayana or Narada were largely irrelevant to the common Hindu. There appears to have been a latent realisation that the State and its laws are inherently incapable of creating a crime-free society and the onus for this has to rest more locally; perhaps even on the individual. And it is this realisation that has to dawn in today’s India. The realisation that ’12000 plus police stations in some 7 lakh towns and villages cannot regulate over 110 crore people’. Prof. Werner Menski, in his seminal work on Hindu Law (Hindu Law: Beyond Tradition and Modernity, Oxford University Press, 2003), explains the Hindu view of dealing with crimes most accurately. He writes that despite the recognition of fall in human values from the golden period of early ages, law and punishment in the late classical period were never used to displace â€Å"self-control†as the primary social norm. He writes-†The conceptual expectation of self-controlled order in classical Hindu law would have empowered, in principle if not in practice, all Hindus to determine for themselves, as individuals subject to the highest order, what they should be doing. A ruler’s claim to make what Hart called ‘primarily rules’ could never have developed in such a conceptual climate, since in the classical Hindu systems such basic rules were to be cultivated in the social sphere and should then be implemented locally and individually in self-controlled fa shion.†It would be quite wrong to assume that the traditional, classical reliance on individual and situational self-control was completely abandoned†¦threats of punishment of are not purely secular†¦as most legal commentators have assumed†¦transgressions of Dharma are also seen as sins, which require penance and/ or attract posthumous consequences.†(Emphasis supplied) Therefore, the recognition that the primary onus of adhering to Dharma is on the individual naturally meant that external/ societal interventions in the form of laws and punishments were superfluous in creating a crime-free society. The emphasis instead was on encouraging a Dharmic conscience among citizens. Prof. Menski explains the current relevance of this idea- â€Å"In this regard it is instructive to refer to the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 which is widely seen as an example of the futile attempts by the state law to abolish socio-legal practices in Indian society†¦disgusted with the horrible stalemate over thousands of dowry deaths every year, some women activists began to call for a moral reappraisal. Yet, does this mean that the wheel of history should in fact be turned be back to Asoka’s idealism? Postmodernist analysis recognises (albeit with some reluctance) that the old Hindu concepts of ‘examining one’s conscience’ (atmanastuti) and ‘model behaviour’ (Sadacara) retain their relevance today. While some modernist commentators have tremendous difficulty with this kind of approach, it cannot be just dismissed out of hand.†What is needed in India today is a moral reappraisal on Dharmik lines. We Indians have come to imbibe amorality. In the western conception of Individual freedom and liberty, morality is a shackle. A variety of western thinkers including Nietzsche, Freud, Foucault, Marx joined cause in attacking allegiance to ‘morality’ as something that thwarts individual flourishing or sustains certain unequal socio-economic relations. We have subconsciously adapted this attitude of amorality as a natural concomitant of individual freedom or free market; without realising that unlike western morality which was fostered and sustained by the Church and the State Bharatiyamorality is individual-centric and freedom-enabling. It is also important to emphasise, especially in the current context, that our morality is entirely gender-neutral. A Dharmik society or Bharat will render most kinds of activism that we have seen after the Delhi gang rape, especially the feminist variety, redundant. India unfortunately has forgotten to teach its children Dharmic morality. The only moralities we have come to follow are freedom and success. Today we stand in awe of a man from Gujarat who built a great business empire apparently through unethical and morally-suspect means; all in the name of his success. Seven centuries ago Marco Polo stood in awe of a different kind of Gujarati business men- the ordinary merchants of Lata who according to the Venetial traveller â€Å"are among the best and most trustworthy merchants in the world; for nothing on earth would they tell a lie and all that they say is true.†Isn’t this an example of the difference between India and Bharat?
Friday, September 20, 2019
Human resource Management in International Expansion
Human resource Management in International Expansion In todays global environment when expanding a business in to another country IHRM would play a handle new key role. There can be identified very clear 6 differences between domestic and international HRM. They are more HR activities, need for broader perspectives, the more involve with employees personal life, risk exposure, broader external influence, changes in emphasis as work force mix of expatriates and locals. IHRM is concern with staffing policies, recruitment and selection, remuneration, motivation, training and development, performance appraisals, promotion, retirement, redundancy and lay off, industrial relations and foreign assignments. Expatriates are the employees who is working and temporarily residing in a foreign country. They could be PCNs, TCNs or HCNs. Due to the development of technologies such as telecommunication, satellite and computer technology and lower cost in going business globally has made the IHRM much more important and easy to manage when compared to the last to few decades. For any organization that have global operations all around the world IHRM would play a Key factor for the company success. Session 2 When a organization do business internationally, understanding the cultural deferences among the countries is very essential to be successful in the long run. This is because operations starting in another country, if there are huge cultural difference among the parent and the subsidiary companies would face varies implications. According to the Hofsteds there are 5 cultural damnations. Power distance This is the extent to which power is distributed unequally among the employees in between the higher positions and the lower positions. Eg India is a high power distance culture (even have a cast system) and USA is a lower power distance culture. Individualism vs collectivisms In a individualistic country people would priorities them self ( USA) where as collectivism country people would priorities group needs. Uncertainty avoidance People would try to minimize risk they face in a situation ( avoiding paralysis through analysis ) usually countries with long history and traditions have a high uncertainty avoidance. Countries such as USA well come higher risks. Masculinity/femininity Masculine- tough value dominant Eg; success, money, satiates, competition Feminine- tender values dominant such as personal relationships, care for others, quality of life etc. When we take Sri Lanka for a example I think we have feminine culture even though have many masculinity futures. The best example for this is during the tsunami situation whole county get together to help the tsunami victims within ours. Cross-cultural communication Similarly, among various countries cross-cultural communication is very necessary so that they can understand each others through religion, culture, art, literature, foreign policies, fiscal polices, etc. such type of bridges of understanding will help to lessen and minimize the gap between two culture. Thirukkural, a noted tamil poet, who has been translated in more than twenty five languages and who had been famous for ethical themes and brevity, has very aptly remarked on power of speech: The goodness called goodness of speech IS goodness which nothing can reach Since gain or ruin speeches brings Guard against the slips of tongue Weight the words and, speak, because No wealth or virtue words surpass. They overspeak who do not seek A few and flawless words to speak (Gupta .reprint 2004) It is said that speech is grater than words, mind is greater than speech, will is grater than mind consciousness is greater than will, meditation is greater than will and power of understanding is greater than meditation.sanakumara, surmonzing narad atma vidya or brahmavidya (knowledge of the supreme) says : power of understanding beings sine quo non for proper meditation, thats is greater than meditation. If we cannot correctly understand and discriminate good and bad, truth and untruth and discriminate between good and bad, truth and untruth, and the like pairs of opposites, how can we meditate? Thus there is no doubt that the power of understanding is linked with speech, one of the tools of communication. Session 3 There are many activities effecting the IHRM in a organizational context. Industrial relations, health and safety, management style, authority structure, organizational structure, leader ship style and etc. And organization could implement a different structures such as global product division, global area division and global matrix structure depends on the situation, subsidiary age and size structure adopted. Controlling of subsidiary would have both formal and informal control systems. Formal methods would be structure, reporting systems, budget and targets where as informal methods would be cooperate culture and personal relationships. we know some of the transferable HRM policies such as physical layouts, use of technologies, holiday entitlements, quality circles depending on the culture, motivation and leadership style, performance appraisals and etc. company expatriates would have to perform the key activities when implementing the procedures in subsidiary an at the same time adopt the suitable local norms, standards and value in to the system to make it more localize the operations. Improving the performance, implementation of corporate culture, solve technical problems, handling of sensitive information, reduces risk, improve trust and team working skills are some of the important functions that expatriates should perform during a foreign assignment. Future more political stability, country infrastructure, technology and resources available in the country, organizational and national cultural differences should be looking to when implementing IHRM policies. Session 4 When starting a subsidiary in a foreign country, there are many reasons why expatriates are needed. Teaching a new process, setting up a new branch, facilitating the knowledge transfer between parent and the subsidiary, helping branch to implement a matrix integration is some of the purposes. This would also depend on the relationship between parent and subsidiary, amount of investment, other host country environment factors. Depending on the host culture, size and the maturity of firm, relative importance of the subsidiary, moral and ethics balancing of standardization and localization of HRM could be done. Localization would be the recruitments, holidays, leave procedures and etc. according to Huo the best IHRM practice ought to be the ones best adopted to culture and national environment. Developing staff members investing in human capital, career development, good working conditions and good management practice could help the organization to retain and attract skilled and qualified labour force in to the organizations. In Sri Lanka Mas holdings is a very good example for a organization which is practicing this method Session 5 There are many ways of staffing international operations. They are ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric and regiocentric. Each of this method has it own advantages and disadvantages. Most of the companies use ethnocentric approach at the initial stage and move to polycentric approach after some time. Eg;- after operating Sri Lanka for many years Coca Cola has appointed a Sri Lankan as a country head for the first time. Organizations use expatriate for international assignment as position filling, management and development and for organizational development. They could be assigned for varies time periods and would have many roles to play as expatriate such as agent of control/socialization, network builder, boundary spanner, language node, transfer of knowledge etc. Non-expatriates are people who travel internationally, yet no conceder as expatriate as they do not relocate to another county.. Examples for non-expatriates are auditors, inspection department, regional managers etc. even though its a glimmers life on first site non- expatriates would have high level of stress because of family working arrangements, health concern and host culture issues. Even expatriates would face lot of difficulties such as spouse and family problems, lack of cultural sensitivity, reluctant to change and adopt, them us mentality, home country mentality and etc. There for organizations must use most appropriate method when selecting a person for a expatriate job. Session 6 When recruiting a expatriate for a international assignment organizations has to be extremely concern. This is because expatriate failure is extremely costly for an organization. Career advancements financial incentives, interest in countries, interest to travel are the factors that motivate the expatriates. For expatriate to be successful in a foreign assignment they have to have the job knowledge and motivation, job related skills, be flexible and adoptable, helpful family situations and extra cultural openness. Expatriate failure could be defined as premature return or under performance during the a foreign assignment. There could be varies reasons for early return of a expatriate but direct cost of the failure is extremely high for the organization. Eg- salary and training cost, airfares, relocation expenses, exchange rates, replacing the failed manager etc. indirect costs would be the damagers to the relationship with stake holders, family relationships, and negative effects on the local staff members. There are four phases in cultural adjustments which expatriate has to go through in a foreign assignment. They are, Tourist every thing is new and enjoyable Crisis/ cultural shock see differences and negative side off the new culture Pulling up Adjustment There is a high possibility of expatriate to exit during the cultural shock period. There for in this each stage organizations would have to take many steps to easy the situation.. Eg- food, customs, cultural values(seniority), home sickness etc. Session 7 Training and development of expatriates is essential for the success of a intentional assignment. This is because expatriates are send to subsidiaries to show how systems and procedures work, ensure adoption and motivation of performance. There for cultural differences and business out comes attitudes and how it effects the behavior, facts about the target country, skill building and language is some of the areas that organization should look in to. Effective pre-departure training should include cultural awareness programmes, preliminary visits, language training, non traditional assignments and training etc. future more practical assistance for relocation, find accommodation and schooling, future language training, would also contribute to adaptation of expatriates and his family members to settle down. Many methods could be use ot train the expatriates and many examples Some off them was showing videos, giving case studies, role play and anointing a experience mentor. Session 8 Multinational organizations would face lots of performance management issues and expatriate re-entering career issues. Performance management is also a way of controlling the subsidiaries. It also contribute shape the organizational culture. HCNs and non-expatriate performance would have to be evaluated separately. Appraisal of host country nationals could be done with standardizes company evaluation form. But customization of the form according to the local staff should be done to get the maximum benefits to the all parties. Performance evaluation criteria would be done on hard goals, soft goals and contextual goals. When evaluating the performance of a non- expatriate stress associated with constent air travel, family relationship issues should also be considered. Expatriate performance would be evaluated on how well he/she achieve organizational targets, relationship and network build up with key parties, implementation of cooperate culture in the organization and etc. evaluation results would also have a impact from who is doing the appraisal, frequency, timeliness and use of standards and customization of the appraisal form. Re-entry of expatriate after completion of foreign assignment would also have to be given consideration. Preparation, physical relocation, transactional readjustments are the phases which have to go through again. To retain the staff in the organization and repatriation pre-departure career discussions, naming a contact person, succession planning and etc could be done. Eg- decrease of living standards, children schooling issues and etc. Session 9 For a multinational organization to be successful they should have a good compensation package in place for their employees. This is because different countries different currencies, labour laws and customs are in place. There for expatriate pay should be determine according to cost of living, hardship, currency fluctuations, health care, housing, taxation and education expense of children. To determine the compensation package awarded to the expectorates going rate approach and balance sheet approach can be used. Even though both approaches have its advantages and disadvantages the balance sheet approach is the most commonly used system in multinationals. Balance sheet approach would consider about the goods and services cost, housing cost, income tax and reserves when determining the benefit package. Session 10 When a organization do business with a another country to make this transactions successful knowing the business ethics and social customs are very essential. Different countries have different values, practices, and taboos which you have to understand and be respectful. From country to country the way they use first name, title, position and states, dining practices, tipping, gift giving, and that an traveling etiquettes, greetings, superstitions and taboos differ. Japanese people shows and have a grate respect to the business card and exchange and consider are in tipping as a insult. Different countries have different meal times, number of courses. Eating every thing in the plate or leaving some thing in the plate could be reason to be offended in some cultures. Some times its better not to know what is in your plate which you are serve to eat and be restrain form giving comments on the foods. ( it is better to eat without knowing whats in the plate (eg- dog meat, snake meat) without offending your counter party.) When going abroad for business deal proper dressing, footwear and packing and even and quality luggage could add some value to your transaction. Male and female relationships would also in a differ from culture to culture and it is wise not to use you are hummer during a business meetings . holidays and holy days also differ from country to country according to the religion they and practice and the traditions. And organization should looking to this because many cultures do not make any business decisions in holy days. Even though bribery is conceder illegal, unethical and immoral it almost take place all over the world. But if an organization is doing this kind of transactions they would have to be extremely careful because it could lead to fines and damage of organization reputation.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Analysis of Home Burial by Robert Frost Essay -- Robert Frost Home Bur
Analysis of Home Burial by Robert Frost Robert Frost wrote the poem Home Burial after he and his wife suffered the tragic loss of their 4-year-old son. Home Burial shows the emotions people feel after such a loss, and how they face those emotions. Through Frost's experience he shows that men and women grieve in different ways. In Home Burial Frost demonstrates, through the husband, that in the grieving process men tend to show strength. Throughout the poem you see the husband proceed to do his everyday tasks. The husband states, 'Three foggy mornings and one rainy day are enough to rot the best birch fence a man could build.'(Robert Frost). Here is just one example of how the husband is trying to move forward through work. Another example of how the husband tries to continue with life is seen in this statement he makes, 'Can't a man speak of his own child he's lost?'(Frost). In addition to work, the husband tries to get past their loss by speaking of his child. He does not want to forget about his child. Through the use of words, the husband can keep the memory of that child alive; while at the same time get adjusted to the fact that his child is dead. We see through the eyes of Frost, that as the strength and breadwinner of the family, the husband tries to heal his wife Amy?s grief, fix her. Speaking to Amy he says, ?There you have said it all and you feel better.?(Frost). Robert Gale, a critic of the poem says, ?He puts too much faith in words.?(Robert Gale). The husband, in trying to fix Amy?s grief, wants her to believe that since she has verbally stated how she feels, she can now move on. He fails to realize that the pain Amy feels runs deeper than just words, or doesn?t want to believe that his pain o... ...e associated this with the rotting corpse of their child. She sees her husband as unfeeling and unemotional about their child. Since she will not communicate with him, she cannot understand how he could just bury their child and not give it a second thought. Home Burial opens the eyes of the reader. It allows one to see the different ways people grieve. It shows that there is no right or wrong way to grieve, and that just because two people don?t show their grief in the same manner it does not mean that one person is in more pain than the other. This poem shows the importance of communication between a husband and wife, and that the best way to get past the pain of losing a loved one just may be to lean on others, who like you, were also left behind Bibliography: 1) Frost, Robert. 'Home Burial.' 2) Gale, Robert L. 'Home Burial.' MagilOnLine.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Future of Policing Essay -- Police Crime Criminal Essays
Future of Policing      The future of policing is fairly clear in what direction it is heading. It has been slowly reforming to meet the needs of the people, reduce crime, and make policing more efficient. Some of the reforms that will probably take place in the future include, better educated police officers and police managers, consolidation of police departments to save on money and resources, upgraded technology, race and gender equality, better testing techniques to recruit and promote within the department, and improved proactive planning techniques. One of these proactive tools that will surely become more widely used and implemented better is community policing. It has been evolving since its first introduction into the police world and will see more reforms in the future. Compstat should also become more widely used by almost all police departments to make those in charge more accountable and for improved crime mapping.      Current economic and political trends will affect how, and if, certain reforms take place. Some trends like the increased costs for medical services will affect officer’s salaries and benefits, while the growth of inexpensive technology with instant communication through cell phones and personal computers will improve response time and distribution of information quickly and effectively. Changes population demographics, with the increase in the cultural and ethic diversity of the population will create more of need for career equality. This will also be pushed forward by the immigration of more highly educated professionals from third world countries. Increased multinational organized crime activity will create a bigger need for better communication between countries and joint efforts to stop it. Increased concerns with crimes committed by violent juveniles and individuals with modern weapons, terrorism and threats against our infrastructure will also shape the way policing reforms to solve these increased threats. Because of greater concern with terrorism, more resources will be allocated to homeland security. These are resources that could have helped domestic crimes and police management and will have to compensate for. Even smart credit cards, DNA identification and global positioning systems will all help shape the new policing model.      One of the main problems facing most police departments is using cost-eff... ...epend on them to find the individual or to crack down on the group. A great example of this is in Israel, with fighting militant groups like Hamas. Groups like this receive funds from other countries all around the world that support terrorism. An international police force could more easily gather information on the group and also serve as a barrier between the Israelis and Palestinians. This organization would be much like the United Nations, but instead of politics and an army it would be a world police force that could actually go in and arrest individuals and put them on trial in front of the world.      Finally, the future of policing seems to already be headed in a good direction, focusing on improved communication between departments and with the public. The strong emphasis on community policing will help people feel more comfortable with the police and not as their own society. Some reforms need to be more focused on though, like the international police force, because of recent events like September 11th. Overall policing will seem to remain the same because the transition will be slow and gradually take effect, but it will always be improving in any way that it can.
To Be A Slave :: American America History
To Be A Slave The only things that come to my mind when I think of slavery and of the book To be a Slave are either misunderstanding or very negative. During the slavery years, African people were subjected to some of the worst treatments of the history of this planet. They were forced to work for white people as slaves, but that is nothing compared with the treatment they received. Slaves were beaten, mal-nourished, and disrespected as a whole. Slaves were considered as low as the lowest forms of life. They were treated less than some forms of life. They were treated as property that was disposable and replaceable, and I don't understand why this mentality came into the human brain. I sometimes can try to make myself understand how a man could feel that he could own another man. Money and greed is probably the reason that made people feel that they should convince themselves that they are superior to another race. I believe that white people tried to make themselves believe that they were superior, and eventually the idea surfaced that they were superior, even though deep down they knew they were not. Why treatment was so harsh I don't fully understand either. My theory is that the extremely rough treatment given to the Africans was to ensure that the white people would remain "top dog." This could also explain the holocaust, when the Nazis executed millions of innocent people for no apparent reason. They too could have felt threatened by a different society. The only difference is that the Americans didn't necessarily feel threatened by the Africans, but they probably didn't like the fact that they could revolt and free themselves. Intimidation was a very effec tive strategy. Harsh punishment could keep the slaves in-line. However, this thinking could only happen once the idea that White people were superior was firmly, and falsely, imprinted in the slave owner's minds. At first, when slave trading was new in America, I would be willing to assume that punishment was not as harsh. It was probably gradual. Leading to the climax of one of the worst spectacles that the eye of man has beheld.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Literature Review of Fault Tolerant Systems
CHAPTER-2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Aim of the undertakingis to build Fault Tolerant System. Fault Tolerant system is a system which runs efficaciously in any status. Even if there is a mistake in the processor our system will observe it and advise to user or admin. It will non merely notify but we are seeking that it will take mistake over the air. Triple Modular Redundancy is bosom of our system ; it detects the mistake through vote system. To build a CFTP design is a truly complex work and needs a important sum of clip to complete. In order to hold a flawless design, tonss of conditions need to be considered and all jobs should be solved in a sensible manner. Choosing constituents may take few yearss or months depending on how much information or information is collected. Decisions may still be changed at the last minute due to some unpredictable state of affairss or inevitable factors. Any alteration in the concluding design on a constituent sometimes will do a series of alterations to others. It is obvious that constructing a fully-functional CFTP does take much attempt and interior decorators have to truly understand how circuits relate each other in order to revise or debug it. Unfortunately, graduate pupils at Naval Postgraduate School merely stay a short sum of clip. A large design like CFTP is chopped into several sections and assigned to different pupils. In this clip restraints, pupils non merely necessitate t o recognize what old pupils have done but besides take up a design in advancement. Largely, pupils picking up the sections do non hold a opportunity to larn straight from pupils who have worked on this design earlier. Therefore, thesis becomes an of import interface of experience heritage between coevalss of pupils. CHAPTER-3 LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 LITERATURE SURVEY: – 3.1.1. Lashomb’s Design Peter A. LaShomb expressed many constructs in both TMR design and FPGA choice. Traditional solutions for radiation effects were introduced including hardware redundancy, like Quadded Logic, and package betterment for mistake tolerance, like clip redundancy or package redundancy. In the TMR subdivision, RADHARD and COTS were compared in handiness, public presentation and cost. Potential benefits of those two were clearly described as good. The processor used in his TMR design was KCPSM, an 8-bit microcontroller. It was free downloaded from Xilinx’s web site and served as a readily available test-case processor while waiting handiness of other high public presentation processors. Constructing and testing of the TMR were done on Xilinx Foundation series package which was available at Naval Postgraduate School ( NPS ) . Voters and an mistake encoder were designed and explained in item. Other issues including interrupt modus operandi and memory/error accountant were left as follow- on research. In the FPGA subdivision, different FPGAs were compared in a figure of facets. Five major parametric quantities for taking a good FPGA were gate count, handiness of hardware and package, bundles ( flat-pack vs. ball-grid-array ) , re-programmability and radiation tolerance. The Xilinx XCV800 was chosen as the campaigner at that clip for future execution [ 25 ] . 3.1.2. Ebert’s Research A complete CFTP conceptual design presented was in Dean A. Ebert’s thesis. For hardware considerations, his thesis discussed why specific constituents were chosen and how french friess communicated in an incorporate circuit. More item and realistic constructs about FPGA and CFTP constellations were described than earlier and french friess were selected based on a figure of space-environment considerations. Discussion of system memory was of import and first described in this thesis. Memory constellation accountant, functional logic and glue logic were besides new thoughts ne'er talked about in old work. The TMR circuitry was non one of the chief subjects in his research, but from his work one can visualise the external connexions of the FPGA and understand the function of TMR in the CFTP procedure. Figure 4 illustrates the layout of the board he developed The CFTP will be launched into LEO orbit on two orbiters, NPSAT-1 and Mid- STAR-1, in 2006. How the Department of Defense a nd Navy Space Experiment Review Board ( SERB ) and the Space Test Program ( STP ) Office were involved with these two orbiters was described in his thesis. Other paperss related to plan descriptions and demands of the STP office were attached every bit appendixes as good [ 26 ] . 3.1.3. Johnson’s Implementation Steven A. Johnson [ 5 ] focused his work on TMR design. The indispensable constituents to do a circuit be fault-tolerant were identified. Circuits designed in Lashomb’s thesis could non be used due to different design architecture and the important ascent of computer-aided-design package employed. Basic constructs for building a TMR circuit were still the same, but implemented in a different manner. All processor end product signals have to be voted. Interrupt was compiled in a province diagram and used to trip the interrupt service modus operandi to rectify an mistake inside the processor.ESSDwas used to salvage the mistake syndrome in order to offer a log file for analysis. The off-chip memory for the CFTP is Von Neumann architecture. The Von Neumann architecture has merely one reference coach and one information coach. Due to this difference, aConciliatorwas designed to organize different timing restraints in order to do a proper read and compose on memory. Normally, TMR communicates withConciliatorin order to entree memory. Meanwhile, the syndrome informations is latched intoESSDirrespective of an mistake happening or non. When an mistake occurs, a signal will be sent to disrupt and starts the Interrupt Service Routine ( ISR ) . At this minute, KDLX is stalled andESSDsaves the mistake syndrome to memory throughConciliator. Then interrupTgenerates a TRAP direction to KDLX and leads the whole circuit into an mistake rectification status. When KDLX sees the TRAP direction, it jumps to a specific memory location and the plan counter value before the leap is saved in an interrupt reference registry ( IAR ) , a particular registry inside KDLX. In the mistake rectification status, the contents of all registries inside KDLX are saved to memory through electors. Then, each registry is reloaded from memory. The intent for making this measure is to rectify any incompatibilities of the registries in all three KDLX processors. Since all contents ha ve to go through electors while salvaging, any mistake inside any registry will be corrected [ 26 ] . 3.1.4. N-Modular Keun Soo Yim, et.al. [ 8 ] nowadayss fault-tolerant, programmable elector architecture for software-implementedNitrogen-tuple modular redundant ( NMR ) computing machine systems. Software NMR is a cost-effective solution for high-performance, mission-critical computing machine systems because this can be built on top of commercial off-the-shelf ( COTS ) devices. Due to the big volume and entropy of voting informations, package NMR system requires a programmable elector. Our experiment shows that voting package that executes on a processor has the time-of-check-to-time-of-use ( TOCTTOU ) exposures and is unable to digest long continuance mistakes. In order to turn to these two jobs, we present a special-purpose elector processor and its embedded package architecture. The processor has a set of new instructions and hardware faculties that are used by the package in order to speed up the vote package executing and turn to the identified two dependability jobs. We have implemented the pr esented system on an FPGA platform. Our rating consequence shows that utilizing the presented system reduces the executing clip of mistake sensing codifications ( normally used in voting package ) by 14 % and their codification size by 56 % . Our mistake injection experiments validate that the presented system removes the TOCTTOU exposures and recovers under both transient and long continuance mistakes. This is achieved by utilizing 0.7 % excess hardware in a baseline processor [ 27 ] .
Monday, September 16, 2019
Importance of Friedns in Life Essay
Throughout the twenty-eight years of my life, I have had many friends, yet some of them would be called my admirable friends. No one of us can live without a friend. In truth, my friends can be divided into three types: honest friends, caring friends, and bibliophilic friends. My first exciting type of my friends is honest friends. Two of their prime traits are trustworthy and dutiful. They can tell me what the matters are with me even though they may not such good friends after telling. I remembered that when I had to evaluate my listening records, one of my friends said that my first record was terrible. She pointed out my weaknesses, so I could fix them. When I had difficult times, they helped me out and cheered me up. I was so appreciated another of my friends who I had lent money when I was unemployed in 2005. In addition, she spent time to drive me anywhere to look for jobs. This group of friends usually calls me to hang out with them, and we feel really happy together. I often go the mall with them at least once a week even though we cannot find out anything to buy. In short, this type of friends is wonderful for anytime. My second exciting type of my friends is caring friends. Two of their dominant traits are kind and sensitive. They know how to tell me what the problems are by the softest way. Last year, I got into a car accident. One of them came to see me right away after I called her. She had driven me to work and anywhere for two weeks. When my times are hard, they treated me kindly and helped me a lot. I will never forget another of my friends who had fed me for a couple weeks. I also borrowed her $200 at the time I had no job. However, she refused to take it back when I returned. This kind of friends is sensitive to my feelings, and they pay attention to me whether I am happy or sad. We often go out together for dinner or movie. As a result, they are delightful if I share or chat about my problems in my life. My third exciting type of my friends is bibliophilic friends. Two of their leading traits are awkward and intellective. They do not know how to observe on things delicately. By the time I asked my friend that how I dressed, she said that it was too ugly. They are sometimes with me when I have trouble although they are too busy in the libraries or work with their computers. They did not even know that I got into second accident in this January; however, they helped me out with homework from school. I remembered that when grandfather died in 2001, I had not gone to school for a week. One of them tried to write all of my lessons, and another one tried to explain to me those lessons. Nonetheless, they are not the kind of people who like to hang out with. They prefer staying the libraries to going shopping. To sum up, this group of people is satisfactory for a study, but they are not concordant with having fun. In conclusion, my truthful friends, my caring friends, and my bookworms have fulfilled my life with many significant things that they have done for me. I think it is important that we treat our friends well with respect and kindness just like they treat us. I am thankful to have those friends, and I will hold on them forever and ever.
Sunday, September 15, 2019
What Did It Mean to Be Modern in Early 20th Century East Asia?
What did it mean to be modern in early twentieth century East Asia? In the early 20th century, East Asia went through a process of modernisation to cope with the challenges brought by the Western powers. This process of modernisation was characterised by numerous features, ranging from military, political, economic, industrial and technological reforms to changes in the legal, administration, diplomatic as well as education and women. There were long term socio-political and cultural impacts which shaped the modern East Asia in the early 20th century.While modernisation was in no way equivalent to Westernisation, many in the early 20th century saw the West as a model for modernisation. Modernisation in East Asia was thus more often than not taken as a process of learning from or even imitating the West. This essay will argue that Japan, Korea and China shared similar themes in the path towards modernity even though they developed in different ways. One of the most important steps tow ards modernisation for all 3 regions of East Asia was the reform (increasing levels of freedom) for women.In the early 20th century Japan, Korea and China underwent economic and industrial development taking the first steps towards modernisation. However, the significant difference lay in the fact that Korea underwent this process of industrial and economic modernisation under Japanese colonial rule therefore one may argue that the significance of their development was much greater. Japanese corporations took advantage of international technological and managerial innovations often called the â€Å"second industrial revolution†. Japan’s electrical technology became second to none.Electric street cars appeared in Tokyo in 1904, several years after they had appeared in Seoul. Of Japanese households, 85% had electricity in 1935, compared to 68% in the United States. Techniques of mass production required both standardised equipment and scientific management or Taylorism, an American theory of rational labour practice that Japan adapted to make the work force more efficient. A dual structure characterised Japan’s modern economy. Therefore, for Japan modernisation meant a rise in industrial advances and production thus a booming economy.Scholars’ views of Korea’s colonial period generally divide into two broad categories. The first takes a negative view of Japan but the second fits the colonial experience into major trends that lasted to the end of the 20th century. This included abolishing inherited social status as a barrier to advancement; liberating women from male domination; introducing modern mass media and popular culture; creating a modern economy through heavy investment in railroads, bridges and harbours; establishing a modern financial sector in the 1920s; and industrialising the peninsula in the 1930s.A small middle class of businessmen and shopkeepers arose and half million farmers were converted to factory workers a nd miners. In retrospect, the most important economic contribution was Japan’s use of state-led industrialisation involving planning and controls of all kinds in the process of late industrialisation to catch up to the advanced economies of western imperialists. Colonial economic policy aimed at expanding agricultural production by investment in reclamation, irrigation, chemical fertiliser and the introduction of new seeds to grow rice for export to Japan.Some people benefited more than others out of the economic boom in Korea from 1910-1925. This economic boom saw a rise in the price of rice. Korean landlords most of whom were Yangban (landed or unlanded aristocracy), fared far better than sharecroppers and Japan succeeded in winning tangban landlords compliance to colonial rule by granting them noble titles and guaranteeing their private property rights. As a result landlords took little part in the development of active nationalist resistance to Japanese rule.Taking this i nto consideration it is not unreasonable to suggests that while Japanese colonial rule brought about tyranny, exploitation of the Korean economy, its reduction of the mass of the population to bare subsistence and its attempt to obliterate Korean culture without granting equal citizenship rights it also encouraged developmentalism thus a profound increase in economic development. World War One gave China’s businesses and industries a chance to flourish.Britain, France, Germany and Russia were preoccupied with what was happening in Europe and no longer had spare goods to export. Imports from the West thus dropped dramatically, giving Chinese manufacturers a chance to sell more profitably. At the same time, the demand for products from China increased dramatically, giving Chinese manufacturers a chance to sell more profitably. At the same time, the demand for products from china increased helping china’s export industries. The number of Chinese textile mills increased fr om 22 in 1911 to 109 in 1921.Tonnage of coal produced grew from 13 to 20 million tons between 1913 and 1919. Modern banking took off: between 1912 and 1923, the number of modern banks increased from 7 to 31. Telephone and electric companies were formed not only in major cities but also in county seats and even in market towns. New fortunes were made. For instance, the Rong brothers from a family of merchants in Wuxi built a flour mill in 1901 and another in 1913. As opportunities opened up, they built eight new factories between 1914 and 1920 expanding into textiles.Therefore, like Japan and Korea, modernisation for China also meant an increase in industrialisation and economic production which brought the first steps towards modernity in the early 20th century. In Japan the path towards modernisation also meant the adoption of constitutional government and an imperial democracy. After the Meiji restoration in 1868, it provided for a form of constitutional monarchy, in which the emp eror of Japan was an active ruler and wielded considerable political power over foreign policy and diplomacy which was shared with an elected Diet.The Diet primarily dictated domestic policy matters. After the Meiji restoration, which restored direct political power to the emperor, Japan underwent a period of political and social reform and modernisation aimed at strengthening Japan to the level of the nations of the Western world. The immediate consequence of the constitution was the opening of the first parliamentary government in Asia. In the early 20th century the struggle for democracy engaged academic theorists, journalists, feminists, outcasts and working men and women who expressed themselves in riots and in efforts to organised unions.For Japanese intellectuals liberalism meant representative government, constitutionalism, and rule by law. It meant individual rights and freedom from undue governmental interference in the individual’s life. It distinguished between th e naturalness of society and the artifice of the state. Intellectuals who professed liberal views jeopardised their careers. For example, Yoshino Sakuzo had to resign his position at Tokyo University because he had argued that people are the basis of the state and the aim of the state is to promote their well-being.The public interest had to in their view, supersede private, partial interests of oligarchs, bureaucrats, politicians and businessmen. Minobe Tatsukichi argued that according to the constitution, the Diet, in particular the lower house was the organ that represented the people. Therefore, it is clear that in Japan modernisation not only meant an improvement in industrial production and economic strength, but more significantly it meant the expression by the people for democracy and new liberal ideas imported from the West.A new modern culture was emerging in East Asia along with education which was emphasised significantly in Korea in the early 20th century. Radio broadca sting began in 1927 under the Japanese Korean broadcasting company and Korean language programs expanded from a third to half of airtime and in 1933 the first all Korean station was allowed. It devoted many programs to Korean history, science, the arts, international affairs, translations of western plays, popular songs with a distinct Korean flavour and standardisation of Korean grammar. In Japan the great Kanto earthquake of 1923 ushered in modern Japanese culture.Modern culture incorporated a second wave of westernisation driven not by national goals but by individual inclinations. After the earthquake, there emerged theatres, galleries, exhibition halls, and rooftop arcades and in 1927 the first subway in Asia connected corporate headquarters in Ginza with movie houses and cafes in Asakysa. The new middle class consumed a modern culture removed from politics. Mass literacy spurred the development of mass media. Self-help books and magazines taught the rudiments of popular scienc e, how to be modern, how to succeed in business and how to create the perfect home environment.Cinemas showed films from abroad alongside domestically produced animated cartoons and historical dramas. This modern mass culture promoted a privatising world of leisure and self-expression. In China the new culture movement took the lead in rejecting traditional values. For example, articles were written that promoted the importance of rejection of Confucianism so that China could attain equality and human rights. Leaders of the movement proposed ending use of the classical literary language because it was a â€Å"dead language†according to Hu Shi.By 1919 New youth written entirely in vernacular Chinese was joined by many other periodicals aimed at young people aspiring for new china. Magazines were filled with articles on western ideas including socialism anarchism, democracy, liberalism Darwinism pragmatism and science. All the major political and intellectual revolutionaries o f the early 20th century spoke out on the need to change the ways of thinking about women and their social roles. Early in the century the key issues were foot binding and women’s education. Anti-foot binding campaigns depicted the ustom as standing in the way of modernisation by crippling a large part of the population. As women gained access to modern education they began to participate in politics. Schools for women were becoming more common in this period. In 1907 the Qing government mandated the opening of schools for girls. By 1910 there were over 40000 girls’ schools in the country, with 1. 6 million students and by 1919 this had increased. Schools offered much more than literacy; they offered a respectable way for girls to interact with unrelated people.After 1920 opportunities for higher education also rapidly expanded leading to a growing number of women working as teachers, nurses and civil servants in the larger cities. At the end of World War One the treat y of Versailles ceded former German holdings in China to Japan instead of returning the territories to China even though China had sent troops to fight with the Allies in Europe. Such unfair treatment sparked a widespread intellectual uprising known as the May 4th movement. Focussing on the need for national strength and modernisation this movement also encompassed widespread cultural and literary innovation.These cultural products also saw new representations of women as two distinct archetypes: the New Woman and the Modern Girl. The new emphasis on women in the early 20th century and the public movements taking place (May 4th) show that to China modernisation meant a more Western liberal approach than ever before. To conclude one may argue that to be modern in East Asia in the early 20th century meant different things to Japan, Korea and China. However, similarities were greatly emphasised. For Japan there developed a robust parliamentary democracy supported by an electorate that encompassed the entire male population.The industrialised economy and modern bureaucracy fostered the growth of a well-educated middle class. Overall modern Japan contained conflicting visions of what it meant to be Japanese. For Korea Japanese colonial rule had both positive and negative effects. It established models for successful enterprises and by breaking down hereditary status barriers it opened opportunities to people previously blocked from upward mobility. By introducing modern education it introduced some Koreans to science, foreign languages and social science and enabled the birth of modern mass culture.In short Japanese colonialism produced wealth and poverty, acceptance and animosity, revolutionary potential and conservative reaction. For China modernisation meant the end of the two thousand years of monarchical government, the importance of nationalism and the emergence of political parties. Through the spread of modern schools and new publications a large proportion of the population knew of western countries and ideas. Radically new ideas such as individualism and democracy were being widely discussed and advocated. However, overall of most importance to the whole of East Asia was the similar way in which women were revolutionised.In Japan, Korea and China one may argue that the process of modernisation had the greatest impact on women and that one of the biggest aspects of adopting a more modern western culture in early 20th century East Asia, was the freedom for women to play more public roles in society. Bibliography 1. Edwin Arnold, Asia’s first parliament: Sir Edwin Arnold describes the step in Japan, New York Times 26 January 1891 2. Ebrey, Walthall and Palais, East Asia: a cultural, social and political history second edition 2009 3. Sarah E Stevens, Figuring modernity: the new woman and the modern girl in republican China volume 15 number 3 2003
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Descriptive Essay on a Scene Essay
As a child there was only one place I could describe as my home away from home. That place was my grandmothers. My Mimi’s has always been the true meaning of safe haven to me. Even today, as an adult, I find myself frequenting my Mimi’s house to visit my grandparents and bask in that peaceful feeling that, as far as I am concerned, can only be found there. Specifically, when I am in my Mimi’s kitchen I am engulfed with that welcomed comfort and serenity I can find nowhere else. The kitchen’s bar holds memories of a child sitting on it and being told all about life and the ways of the world, while the cabinets hold all kinds of cooking utensils that have been used to make food for family and fellowship, and then there is the fridge that, with all its photographs and family recipes magnetized on it, show a sense of family and tradition. Ann Jones’, or Mimi as most call her, kitchen is not a place known by many. It is a well-kept secret among family and is a sight to behold. This space has a wooden bar that surrounds the entire room. When you look at this bar it is plain to see that it is not unique in any way, but if you look deeper than its exterior view the cuts from a knife a woman used for chopping vegetables, while she educated her granddaughter on the ways of the world, can be seen clear as day. There are deep indentions from when she would lose her concentration in her chopping by becoming so enticed with talking to her only granddaughter. To some this bar is much more than ordinary. Read Also: Topic for a Descriptive Essay In this spacious kitchen, cooking utensils can also be found all through the many different cabinets. When looking at these tools, it is plain to see that they have all been used numerous times for cooking many different meals. Sometimes used for numerous different cuisines to host large family and friendly gatherings between loves ones. Other times used to make small scratch made meals for the close family that visits as much as possible. Though all meals are made with love and secret recipes, it is those two kinds of cooking that leaves a mark that all of these pots, pans, and other kitchen tools show. Covering all sides of the fridge, many different pictures and recipes can be seen. It is this that gives the kitchen its sense of tradition and the warm feeling of family. The photos vary between all the people who pass by and stop for a visit. It is these people who are called family, whether they have the same blood or not. The recipes are where the tradition can be found. Some passed down for years and some newly acquired, but all have a purpose in the growing background and tradition that is being built in that very kitchen. My Mimi’s kitchen is old-timey and is has had no new or modern updates done to it. It certainly will not be winning any awards for best dà ©cor any time soon. Though it can be seen as ordinary in some ways, my Mimi’s kitchen has a very unique atmosphere and background. It is this extraordinary background that has shaped the look and feel of this place into something that cannot be imitated or duplicated. It is truly one of a kind.
Friday, September 13, 2019
Terrorist Attacks on the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Terrorist Attacks on the US - Research Paper Example Rather, they have left their undesirable harmful effects on a lot of countries around the world. In fact, it would not be an over exaggeration to say there is hardly any country that has not impacted by these attacks in one way or another. Pre September 11 Attacks: After the collapse of socialism and the remaining of capitalism as the only political and economic power in the world, several theories emerged in an attempt to predict the kind of conflict that may emerge in the future. The end of History and the clash of civilizations are among the various theories that tried to put a framework for international relationships in the future. Francis Fukuama was the first political analyst to coin the phrase "End of History," in his article that bore the same name and published in 1989. In that article, Fukuyama argued that there is a remarkable contemporary achievement concerning the legitimacy of liberal democracy, constituting a system of government. This system, which had emerged in th e eighties throughout the world, replaced all other known ideologies like hereditary monarchy, fascism. Accordingly, Fukuyama proposed that liberal democracy may constitute the "end point of mankind's ideological evolution." Thus, he explicitly introduced liberal democracy to be the final and most ideal form of human government, which human minds can not think of any better form of government. This leads him to think that this current status and ideologies marks the "end of history." That's because this form of government is free from any defects, unlike previous ideologies, which were characterized by various defects and irrationalities that led to their eventual collapse. Consequently, Francis Fukuyama argued that 1989 represented the triumph of market capitalism and liberal democratic ideology. Since then, market power was set to become the modernization project of choice for all countries of the world. So, the future of the international system, according to Fukuyama and many ot her political analysts, was to be characterized by the gradual democratization of market-democratic institutions, policies, values and culture. Liberal institutionalism would replace international anarchy by the international rule of law. Thus, it is believed that "the ‘End of History’ paradigm was upon us; the triumph of Western-style modernity was set to create one universal world civilization" (Herd, Graeme P. & Martin, Weber). In our contemporary world, it is obvious that the world market has fully dominated the role of the state in most countries of the world. There have been many economic and political analysts who believe that states are loosing their traditional roles in the face of the growing international market. An example of these economists is Herman M. Schwartz. Drawing on an assessment of the historical evolution of the world economy, Schwartz shows how the 21st century world has come to resemble the late 19th century, in which markets typically overwhel med state policies, more than the mid-20th century in which states were often able to control or contain markets (Strange). In that sense, globalization has been playing a major role in this transformation process from state-based markets into free ones. Schwartz shows that globalization is a much more complicated term and more multi-faceted phenomenon than its current protagonists generally argue. He also believes that globalization provides a clear account of the complex interdependence of modern states and
Thursday, September 12, 2019
Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1
Corporate Strategy - Essay Example supplies from over 1071 factories in 56 countries Furthermore PVH has its headquarters in Manhattan, but has administrative offices in Milan, Trento and Hong Kong as well as operating distribution facilities at locations across the U.S. (PVH Annual Reports, 2008). In regards to the sourcing operations of the firm, according to the Corporate Social Responsibility report, PVH has implemented a ‘Global Human Rights and Social Responsibility Program’ which indicates that the standards for price, quality and logistics are kept on par with the human rights consideration (PVH CSR, 2008). What this means is that the firm self-identifies a global operator and all stakeholders are equally responsible to the firm’s code of conduct. Why PVH is a global firm is important because of the implications is has for the firms strategy. According to the 2008 financial reports more than 30% of the income derived before interest and tax comes from international sales which are up from 25% in 2007. It is the case that the retail sales of PVH is are diverse across the company’s product line, including Calvin Klein brand which has approximately 56% of its sales in international markets to Bass where about 1% of sales are in international markets (PVH,2008). Implicit in this is that different product lines have varying success and strategy in different markets. The question of which value chain activities the company performs in house and which are outsourced is evident from the firm’s financial reports. One specific example is the Calvin Klein brand; wherein the firm maintains a dedicated in-house marketing, advertising and design division. These divisions are responsible for maintaining and controlling the global marketing strategy of the brand and controlling the product development for most of their product licensees. The reasoning behind this strategy is owing to the fact that the firm wants to exert a certain level of control over the entire brand to ensure product and
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
The significance of the global factors that shape national business Essay
The significance of the global factors that shape national business activities - Essay Example Hence, organizations must obtain knowledge of these global factors in order to make timely strategic business changes that can ensure long term business sustainability. International trade would assist a country to attract foreign investments and to improve its unemployment rate. This paper will discuss the impact of international trade and other key global factors (both positive and negative) on UK businesses. In addition, this will give an overview of EU and its various policies influencing UK businesses. International trade and UK businesses As the Penguin Dictionary define, â€Å"the exchange of goods and services between one country and another is called international trade†(as cited in Jain 2009. p.110). In most countries, international trade accounts for a significant percent of the gross domestic product. International trade is greatly assist countries to find out cheaper and potential markets for their goods and services. While analysing the impact of international trade on UK businesses, it seems that global trade helps the nation to grow its business sector. To illustrate, as per the DFID statistical data (n.d.), UK’s goods exports increased by 72% to $468 billion whereas services exports increased by 156% to $288 billion over the decade 1998-2008. Evidently, exports in UK have notably increased over the last decade and this situation in turn assisted UK business sector to gain more potential clients and suppliers. In addition, increasing exports indicate more revenues and profits for UK businesses and this growing inflow of money can aid UK business sector to promote its growth. Similarly, imports in UK have also dramatically improved during the 1998-2008 period. Over this decade, the country’s imports grew by 111.5% (Ibid). The significant rise in imports and exports promoted the development of other related business industries in UK. Market analysts opine that better international trade has greatly benefited UK business sector to spread risk during the global financial crisis 2008-09 and to maintain market stability to some extent. Finally, the international trade aid UK businesses to explore new potential expansion opportunities and to dominate the global business regime. Global factors influencing UK business Oil price is one of the major global factors influencing UK businesses. Recent reports indicate that oil prices are falling in UK due to fall in crude oil prices in the global market. This situation will certainly benefit UK business sector because falling oi l prices would assist businesses to improve their production costs and thereby profitability. The value of the Pound Sterling has been relatively stable for many years in spite of the recent global recession that dreadfully shook Europe. A stable currency encourages potential foreign marketers to establish trade relationship with UK businesses as it would allow them (foreign marketers) to enjoy high level of business certainty. In addition, the stable value of the currency contributes to maintaining stable oil prices, which in turn are helpful for the nation’s business sector. Similarly, a series of recent technological innovations positively influence UK businesses because the country’s technological landscape has highly developed and hence it is able to bear changes easily. Recently developed computer related technologies and automation of production lines have notably contributed to the expansion of UK businesses (Chaston 2009, p.100). At the same time, some negativ e global factors impede the growth of UK businesses. Many of the world’s leading economies including the United States are yet to recover from the impacts of the global financ
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